TENTANG KOMUNIKASI BISNIS

Pengertian Komunikasi Bisnis Menurut Para Ahli

Djoko Purwanto
Menurut Djoko Purwanto, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah komunikasi yang digunakan didalam dunia bisnis yang termasuk berbagai macam bentuk komunikasi, baik itu verbal maupun non-verbal guna capai suatu target tertentu.

William Albig
Menurut William Albig, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah pertukaran informasi, gagasan, pendapat, intruksi yang punya target tertentu yang dihidangkan secara personal maupun impersional melalui lambang atau sinyal.

William C.Himstreet dan Wyne Murlin Baty

Menurut William C.Himstreet dan Wyne Murlin Baty, Proses pertukaran Info antar individu melalui proses yang umum baik itu bersama dengan simbol, sinyal atau prilaku dan tindakan.

Cutris
Menurut Cutris, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah komunikasi yang terdapat didalam organisasi bisnis didalam pertunjukan untuk memecahkan masalah dan membawa dampak keputusan.

Katz
Menurut Katz, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah adanya pertukaran ide, pesan, dan konsep yang tentang bersama dengan pencapaian serangkaian target komersil.

Philip Kolter
Menurut Philip Kolter, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah suatu kesibukan manusia yang ditujukan untuk memuaskan keperluan dan permohonan melalui peroses pertukaran.

Persing
Menurut Persing, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah proses penyampaian makna melalui lambang yang meliputi total unsur yang terkait bersama dengan proses penyampaian dan penerimaan pesan, baik didalam bentuk tulisan, lisan, atau non-verbal yang dikerjakan di didalam suati organisasi untuk membayar orang guna produksi jasa dan barang bersama dengan target supaya beroleh keuntungan.

Rosenbalt
Menurut Rosenbalt, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah suatu tindakan pertukaran informasi, ide/opini, intruksi dsb, yang dikemukakan baik secara personal maupun non-personal melalui lambang dan sinyal guna capai target perusahaan.

Hunghess dan Kapoor
Menurut Hunghess dan Kapoor, Komunikasi Bisnis adalah suatu kesibukan atau bisnis individu yang terorganisir untuk menghasilkan, menjual barang dan jasa bersama dengan target untuk mendapat keuntungan dan sadar keperluan masyarakat.

Tujuan Komunikasi Bisnis

Menurut James J. Floyd , Jerry L. Winsor dan B Curtis, target komunikasi bisnis yaitu:

a. Menyelesaikan Masalah dan Membuat Keputusan
Ini sangat pas dikarenakan jadi tinggi seseorang didalam suatu bisnis maka orang tersebut bakal terkait terhadap keahlian orang lain didalam membawa dampak ketentuan dan memecahkan masalah untuk capai keberhasilan.

b. Mengevaluasi Perilaku
Penilaian atau evaluasi perlu dikerjakan anggota organisasi untuk sadar dan mengoreksi hal apa saja yang bakal dan udah dikerjakan terhadap prestasi mereka. Penilain ini memerlukan kepekaan dan keahlian komunikasi.

Sedangkan menurut Soeganda Priyatna, target komunikasi bisnis yakni untuk pemenuhan barang yang diperlukan masyarakat. Tujuan kesibukan bisnis yakni untuk beroleh laba. Penetapan target bisni tiap-tiap organisasi tentang bersama dengan proses nilai penduduk tempat organisasi atau lembaga bisnis tersebut beroperasi.

Fungsi Komunikasi Bisnis

Adapun fungsi komunikasi bisnis yaitu:

a. Memberi Informasi
Informasi sangat diperlukan pimpinan dan anggota organisasi guna merampungkan tiap-tiap tugas mereka. Informasi tersebut termasuk digunakan sebagai upaya organisasi untuk capai tujuan.

b. Pengendalian (Regulatory)
Komunikasi bisnis berguna sebagai pengatur dan pengendali organisasi. Komunikasi bisnis tersebut bisa berbentuk prosedur, perintah ketetapan dan laporan.

c. Memberi Persuasif
Dengan komunikasi, maka bakal lebih ringan untuk mengajak, mengikuti atau menggerakkan ide/gagasan atau tugas. Persuasi yang diberikan terhadap pihak lain supaya apa yang disampaikan bisa dimengerti bersama dengan baik. Hal ini kerap dikerjakan terlebih kala terkait bersama dengan penegasan konfirmasi pesanan pelanggan.

d. Integratif
Integratif berguna menjadikan organisasi atau perusahaan beroperasi secara utuh dan terpadu, termasuk didalamnya fungsi koordinasi dan penjadwalan aktivitas, penetapan saluran Info dan otoritas, dan juga menarik dan melatih para karyawan.

Unsur Komunikasi Bisnis

Dalam suatu komunikasi bisnis terdapat 6 unsur utama, diantaranya seperti:

• Memiliki tujuan, bermakna komunikasi bisnis perlu punya target yang udah ditetapkan pada mulanya seiring bersama dengan target organisasi.
• Pertukaran, didalam hal ini melibatkan paling tidak 2 (dua) orang atau lebih yakni komunikator dan komunikan.
• Gagasan, opini, informasi, instruksi merupakan isikan dari pesan yang bentuknya begitu banyak ragam terkait tujuan, kondisi dan kondisinya.
• Menggunakan saluran personal atau impersonal yang kemungkinan berbentuk tatap muka, memakai tempat tertentu atau melalui tempat yang menjangkau jutaan orang secara bersamaan.
• Menggunakan lambang atau sinyal yang merupakan alat atau metode yang bisa dimengerti atau dimengerti oleh penerima untuk mengemukakan pesan.
• Pencapaian target organisasi, tidak benar satu karakteristik yang membedakan organisasi atau lembaga formal dari Info adalah adanya target yang udah ditetapkan pada mulanya oleh manajemen.

Bentuk Komunikasi Bisnis

Menurut Djoko Purwanto, bentuk atau pola komunikasi apat dikelompokkan menjadi saluran komunikasi formal (formal communications channel) dan saluran komunikasi nonformal (informal communications channel).

a. Saluran Komunikasi Formal
Dalam susunan organisasi garis, fungsional atau matriks, ini tentang bersama dengan proses penyampaian Info dari manajer ke bawahan atau sebaliknya, pola transformasi informasinya bisa berbentuk dari atas ke bawah atau bawah keatas (top down atau downward communications), komunikasi dari bawah ke atas (bottom-up atau upward communications), komunikasi horizontal (horizontal communicatons), dan komunikasi diagonal (diagonal communications).

b. Saluran Komunikasi Informal
Orang yang berada didalam suatu jaringan komunikasi informal tidak melihat jenjang hirarki, pangkat atau kedudukan, komunikasi ini bisa dikerjakan secara luas. Walaupun percakapan didalam komunikasi ini cuma berbentuk umum. Contohnya seperti mengobrol humor bersama dengan anak-anak, teman, keluarga atau termasuk mengupas berkenaan kondisi kerja terhadap organisasinya.



Source: https://www.sekolahpendidikan.com/2017/12/definisi-pengertian-komunikasi-bisnis.html#

5 Steps To Handle Conflict

Hopefully, your employees can resolve their own conflicts. But sometimes, you might need to step in to help. When a conflict erupts between your employees, use the following five steps to walk them through the situation.

1. Welcome Conflict

Conflict at work can be a good thing. It can show you where issues lie within your business. And, it can help your employees grow and improve as a team. Don’t shy away from conflict. Tackle it as soon as possible before it escalates. Avoiding conflict can be a bad thing. Tension might increase and the conflict can become worse.

When you discover a conflict between employees, encourage them to work it out. Offer yourself as a mediator. Or, simply be in the room with the employees to defuse tension if needed.

2. Open Communication

The only way to resolve conflict is to communicate. Encourage your feuding employees to set up a time to meet, whether alone or with your supervision. There should be ample time to talk without distractions.

Make sure each person has the opportunity to say what they want. They shouldn’t be interrupted by you or the other employee involved. Also, one employee should not control the conversation. Both should be offered an equal amount of time to talk.

An employee shouldn’t attack or blame the other during this time. If needed, set some ground rules. For example, you might ask the employees to focus on the problem at hand, not personal characteristics.

You can also help direct what the employees say to create a more productive conversation. For instance, you might ask the employees to phrase their statements as, “When you did … I felt …” You might also prompt your employees to give specific examples so everyone better understands the situation.

3. Listen Actively

Having the employees meet to talk is only beneficial if everyone involved actively listens. Everyone should give their full attention to the person who is talking. You and the other employees involved should not be checking emails, playing on phones, or doodling on paper.

As mentioned in step two, don’t interrupt the person who is talking. Let them finish saying everything they want to say.

Listening should be all about understanding the other person’s perspective. Ask follow up questions to help clarify what an employee is saying. You can also ask them to repeat or reword what they said.

You can rephrase and repeat what an employee said to make sure you understand them. For example, you might say something like, “You feel … because of … Is that correct?” This gives the employee an opportunity to clarify anything.

4. Build Agreement

The discussion will primarily be about the disagreement, but that shouldn’t be the only thing you talk about. The employees should also search for points of agreement. The agreements generate positivity, which might help dissolve the conflict. Agreement can give the employees common ground to build their relationship on.

If the employees can’t find commonalities, you might need to help them. Look for common things the employees said, even if they are small. Show the employees that they do have things in common to pull them together.

5. Give guidance

When you help employees work through a conflict, it’s important not to take sides. You are simply there to help the employees work through their problem.

Guide the conversation and keep it focused. Give your employees advice on what they should do next. You might give them action items and further things to discuss.

You might also use what you learn to make changes in your business procedures to prevent future conflicts.

How to Summarizing and Looking Ahead in Business Meeting

A meeting is a gathering of two or more people that has been convened,for the purpose of achieving a common goal through verbal interaction, such as sharing information or reaching agreement. Meetings may occur face-to-face or virtually, as mediated by communications technology, such as a telephone conference call,a skyped conference call or a videoconference.
Good meetings require good leaders and good participants. A good leader understands the purpose of a meeting, makes sure that all participants understand this purpose, helps keep the discussion on track, works with participants to carry out the business of the meeting in the time allotted, and tries to ensure that everyone is involved appropriately in discussions. These responsibilities often require a leader to distribute an agenda and other written materials prior to a meeting.
Good participants come to a meeting prepared for the business at hand—with reports ready, concerns over key issues thought out, and questions about key issues organized. They also bring to the table their best listening skills and group manners. These participants, for example, take turns talking, stay on the point of discussion, and help to move decisions forward.A meeting is to create a mechanism for decision making. One of the most important decision making meetings in business is strategic planning. The organization is developing their goals and direction. Other types of decision making meeting are pitch meetings, where individuals or organizations are pitching their ideas and project meetings, where groups are tasked with accomplishing a goal or task.
In a business meeting, at the end of the meeting we have to make a conclusion from the whole of the topics discussed, the aim is to recall the points raised previously discussed. There are several points that should be noted in presenting its conclusions in a meeting, such as:
1.Good language
2.Polite
3. communicative 
With 3 points above, it is expected the meeting to impress and give satisfaction to the clients. With such a client will not hesitate to cooperate in any other business.


source: http://normanhardjoprawiro.blogspot.com/2017/04/how-to-summarizing-and-looking-ahead-in.html

Opening Negotiations Effectively

Tips for opening negotitions effectively

Having planned the negotiation and set the scene for a successful outcome, there’s little point in spoiling your success with a weak opening. The start of a negotiation is one of the most important phases of the whole process, as this allows you to gain, maintain and increase your control over what happens during the bargaining phase. 

Here are some tried and tested tips for starting the negotiations strongly and with confidence:

• Stay calm and look calm – take your time, if necessary
• Make frequent eye contact
• Keep control of your own features, smile when you can and when appropriate
• Have your opening statements prepared but seemingly spontaneous in their delivery
• Ensure your opening statements sound reasonable
• Don’t fall into the trap of reacting to diversionary, emotional, aggressive or dismissive initial behaviours from the other party
• Ask yourself “What motivates someone to act like this if their position is strong”. Remember diversions indicate sign of weakness in the other parties case
• State everything positively and show you appreciate the importance of the issue to the other person
• Spend most of your initial communication asking open-ended questions
• Try to respond to questions and statements with questions that test importance and priority – “How important is that to you?”
• Show understanding about their point of view
• Listen aggressively to what the other party says – be especially vigilant for ‘umbrella’ words and phrases*
• Seek agreement on a positive conclusion early
• Get your demands on the table first – let the bargaining start from your opening position
• Don’t start with offering anything until you have something to bargain with
• Don’t just react to something the other party has said – explain why it is a problem for you to comply

source: https://www.totalsuccess.co.uk/opening-negotiations-effectively/

8 Steps to Attracting New Customers

Step One: Get Clear On Who You’re Targeting

Before you begin any marketing, you must find your target audience. Do your research and discover who your products or services can help the most. Without a clear understanding of exactly who you’re targeting, your marketing can’t be effective.

Specializing your approach will definitely help your conversion rate. It may make you nervous to think of narrowing your options, but it’s the first step in attracting more long-term clients. Here’s one more benefit to narrowing down your focus: each time you specialize a little more, you’re able to charge more for your services.

Step Two: Understand What They Really Want Emotionally and Logically

Once you’ve identified your best target audience, it’s time to learn what they really, really want. What do they dream of accomplishing? What keeps them awake at night?

There’s no point in marketing your products if you aren’t sure what your target market wants. Here’s a key concept: people buy what they want, not what you think they need. Get to know your market and you’ll find making sales much easier.

Step Three: Package What You’re Offering Toward Desired End Results

Because you understand your market so well, you know the desired end result they’d like to achieve. The closer you get to that desired end result, the better you’ll do in business. Package your products toward that result, so that you’re always meeting the needs of your clients.

When you’re really tuned into the needs of your target market, you’ll experience the rush of business running smoothly. You’ll stop having to push and shove to make sales and see how it all flows together—the needs of a group of people, and products packaged to meet those needs. What’s the takeaway? People don’t buy because they understand something, they buy because they feel understood.

Step Four: Create an Irresistible Offer

What, exactly, are you delivering with your products, and what must the client give in return? To be effective in marketing, you need to be able to answer that question in one sentence. Here’s an example: “Give me ten minutes per day and I’ll give you the body you’ve always wanted.”

You want to state your offer in a compelling way that has people raising their hands to say “I want that!” Work on developing your one-sentence offer; it will form the basis of all your other marketing.

Step Five: Go Find Your Target Audience

Where do the people most likely to buy your products hang out? Do they congregate on online discussion forums? What publications do they read? Which organizations do they join?

If you’ve done good market research in the previous steps, you’ll already know the answers. Now, go out there and make your irresistible offer to them in ads, talks, comments on forums and whatever way you can that makes them affordably reachable.

Step Six: Practice Great Follow-up

You’ve done your research, created great products, packaged them to meet the needs of your target audience, and made your offer where they congregate. To maximize all the hard work you’ve already done, you must follow-up consistently.

What’s the best way to make sure that happens? By automating and systematizing as much of your follow-up as possible. Here’s the rule: Always follow up, and find ways to make it automatic.

Step Seven: Close the Sale

This one gets stepped around so often, and that’s a shame, because it’s essential if you want to succeed. Learn how to ask for their business. For some companies, that might mean a face-to-face meeting, and for many others, the entire sales process can be automated. Unless money changes hands, you’re not really in business.

Whichever way you chose to close, you must give your prospects enough information that they can buy with confidence. Automate that information-sharing as much as you can, with web pages, sales letters and brochures, so that you can expand your impact in less time.

Step Eight: Make Additional Offers

The bulk of your profits are going to be made from additional sales to satisfied customers. You’ve already built a relationship with them and they know you can be trusted. Create products you can offer them as you continue to listen and hear what solutions they need.

These long-term clients give your business stability, and you’re not out chasing new clients constantly. Learning to make additional offers will make the difference in whether your business lasts.

Following the eight steps puts you on the path to attracting new clients and earning more income. Keep working through them until you’ve perfected your products and your offer. Automate as many of your processes as you can, and don’t forget to offer additional products to satisfied customers. By doing so, you’ll be on the road to the income you want.

Source: https://www.businessknowhow.com/marketing/attractclients.htm

THE FIVE TYPES OF NEGOTIATORS OUTLINED

Competitors

Competitors are assertive and uncooperative. There is a strong desire to satisfy the individual’s needs vs. a weak desire to satisfy the needs of others. Competitors negotiate to win. They know when they’re right and won’t hesitate to let others know that their decision is best. It is best to use a competitive negotiating strategy when making a quick decision for an emergency, defending an unpopular opinion and protecting oneself from others who seek to take advantage of nonassertive/noncompetitive behavior.

Accommodators

Accommodators are unassertive and cooperative. They are the opposites of competitors. During a negotiation, an individual will often sacrifice the fulfillment of his or her own needs in order to satisfy the needs of another person or a group. Accommodators can and will use negotiations to build stronger relationships. They will negotiate to solve another person’s or group’s conflict instead of their own. It is best to use an accommodating negotiating strategy to avoid a disruption. Accommodators will acquiesce when they know they are wrong to show that they are reasonable/cooperative, and when an issue being discussed is much more important to another person than it is to them.

Avoiders

Avoiders are unassertive and uncooperative. The need to satisfy themselves, and others, is very low. They do not like the negotiation process at all, and tend to avoid it if they can. They will sidestep negotiations and/or postpone them until a better time, and will withdrawal from any negotiations that seem threatening or aggressive. Avoiding a negotiation is a good strategy to use when more information is needed to make a decision, other issues are more pressing and different parties can better handle the situation.

Collaborators

Collaborators are assertive and cooperative. They are the opposite of avoiders. Collaborators will negotiate to find a solution that satisfies their concerns. Collaboration between two or more parties can involve exploring a disagreement to gain a new perspective. Use a collaborative negotiating strategy to find an integrative solution, merge different perspectives together and build commitment to a solution by including other points of view and concerns.

Compromisers

Compromisers are moderate in both assertiveness and cooperativeness. Negotiations are done in order to satisfy all involved parties as much as possible. When negotiating, compromisers aren’t as aggressive as competitors, but are more assertive than accommodators. They will address an issue instead of avoiding it, but they will not negotiate in depth as much as a collaborator will. It is best to compromise during a negotiation when each party has equal power and is strongly committed their idea, and competition and/or collaboration has failed. Negotiators should also compromise to reach a temporary or permanent solution when time is a pressing factor.
By understanding the different ways people negotiate, the amount of conflict that occurs can be reduced. If an individual knows what type of person they will be negotiating with, they can plan and/or adjust accordingly.

Some types of negotiations are better than others. A compromiser and a competitor will have an easier time negotiating than a collaborator and a competitor. Over the next few months, The Ambulatory M&A Advisor will provide more articles outlining circumstances, real-world examples and how to handle them.


Source: http://www.ambulatoryadvisor.com/breakdown-five-types-negotiators-outlined/

What makes a good meeting?

Meeting formats do, of course, vary widely. Whether large or small, person-to-person, in a conference room or via web-based chat rooms, meetings can be efficient communication tools when thoughtfully conceived and well-managed. But successful meetings don't happen all by themselves. Here are 5 steps to great meetings:

1: Consider your desired outcome.

Before you reserve a room and send out invitations, take a few moments to consider why you want to call your meeting in the first place. Who should be present? What outcomes do you expect as a result of the meeting? What impact do you hope to have? As with any tool, meetings yield desirable results only when their limitations are taken into consideration.

A timely email, picking up the phone, or a quick visit to someone in the lab might get you what you want much more quickly and efficiently than organizing a meeting. When mismanaged or poorly run, meetings can be counterproductive, distracting, and a waste of time and money.

2: Create an agenda.

Once you clearly understand the reasons for your meeting and your intended outcomes, create an agenda. Clear agendas drive successful meetings. The agenda not only tells people what to expect, it outlines topics of discussion, sets the context and scope, lists key issues, and states desired objectives.

When sent out before the meeting, an agenda permits you and others to prepare. Avoid wasting valuable meeting time--distribute information beforehand. If appropriate, ask for input and have your most current agenda visible during the meeting. It helps keep the meeting focused and references the most current information.

3: Identify and invite key participants.

Identify key people you need in the meeting. Include anyone you believe will help you get the information and results you need-;no more and no less. This list is easier to compose once you have an agenda completed. Avoid excluding knowledgeable people based on politics. Include any people, groups, or departments that you're certain will be affected by your meeting. Have a plan for distributing your results to those who were present--and also to anyone invited but unable to attend.

4: Present the issues and stay focused on the goal.

Begin and end your meeting on time. Make sure you have any tools, data, and reports you need readily available before your meeting starts and put it in the meeting space in advance. Don't waste meeting time hooking up equipment, checking connections, or looking for files on your laptop if these tasks can be completed earlier.

People will appreciate your efforts to conduct an efficient meeting that ends on time or earlier than scheduled. Once you start, set a good example by speaking clearly, respectfully, and constructively. Encourage all meeting participants to contribute to the meeting--if someone isn't actively participating, the meeting is probably a waste of time for them. Move your meeting along by sticking to your agenda. If discussion goes off topic, or becomes personal and unconstructive, refocus.

Identify topics for escalation and possible off-line discussions for a later time. Animated or heated discussion during meetings can be constructive and quite productive as long as it does not become personal and off-topic.

5: Wrap-up the meeting.

Once the agenda has been covered, or your allotted time is up, wrap up the meeting. Avoid the urge to continue by addressing any new issues that may come up. The wrap-up officially closes the meeting. It confirms, clarifies, and recaps what was discussed--and everyone's understanding of the situation or goals.

Confirm whether or not your meeting has fulfilled your objectives. If it turns out that your meeting has left you with additional questions, identify any new topics, suggest further action, escalate your concerns, or reschedule follow-up meetings as needed. After the meeting, distribute notes and minutes to those on your distribution lists in a timely fashion. As a final thought, solicit feedback from others.

Source: https://www.inc.com/peter-economy/5-steps-to-great-meetings.html